Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 15

Reflection - Essay Example thoroughly consider the causal factors just as the likely effects of such occasions as the seismic tremors and the tornados that continue occurring now and again, that I used to ignore previously. I have begun to understand the significance of realizing what is happening at various focuses under the outside of Earth far and wide and how things are functioning. I consider over the condition of balance between the inside powers of the Earth and the outside elements and powers that prompt them. Previously, I thought of Earth as a round molded mass of rocks whose voids are loaded up with water. Having taken this course, I understand the various layers the Earth is comprised of, and how changes in a single layer initiate changes in the other. I consider the To be as a major round electromagnet which has its own electromagnetic field. The two Earth science points that I will keep on trailing this course are the Weathering and Erosion. Enduring is the procedure answerable for actuating changes in the rocks’ surfaces that are available to the water or air. There can be a few purposes behind the event of the enduring activity. It can happen as a result of the physical activity, plant activity, scraped area or due to substance forms like oxidation and decrease. I have chosen Weathering on the grounds that it gives adequate clarification of the manner in which various types of rocks were framed. Disintegration, then again, is the procedure that shows the causes and examples of development of the silt starting with one spot then onto the next. Gravity is the key power that causes disintegration and water fills in as the most huge driver of disintegration. I have decided to follow the subject of Erosion after this course since it tells how the waterways and oceans were framed and the elements that cause the profun dity of water in a store to modify over the time. The one thing to do that I would consider doing as basic to assisting with the Earth’s conservation in my general vicinity, or when all is said in done is spreading mindfulness about the manners in which individuals can secure

Bursitis :: essays research papers fc

Bursitis Does it hurt to move your arm? Is it delicate and emanating agony to your neck and fingertips? Do you have a fever? On the off chance that you addressed yes to at least two of these questions then you may have run of the mill joint injury called bursitis. Bursitis is an aggravation of the bursa that is effectively forestalled, recognized and treated. Bursitis is a typical condition that can cause a lot of torment and growing around an influenced bursa. A bursa is a sac between body tissues that move against each other. They are loaded up with a greasing up fluid to limit the fiction between the tissues. The bursa are found for the most part in joints among skin and bone or bone furthermore, ligaments. At the point when you aggravate these greasing up sacs, the bursae load up with liquid and become aggravated and excited. This irritation causes serious agony with development of the joint, regularly constraining the development of the influenced territory. Bursitis generally strikes in the shoulders, elbows, knees, pelvis, hips or Achilles ligaments. Bursitis can influence almost anybody for any number of reasons. It influences for the most part grown-ups both male and female. The people most in danger are individuals who take part in unreasonable and inappropriate extending and individuals who are included vigorously in athletic preparing. Bursitis can be brought about by numerous things. For one, it tends to be brought about by injury or abuse of a joint. Arduous new practice likewise can cause Bursitis. Furthermore, such illnesses as gout, joint inflammation, and interminable disease of a joint can be likely causes. However, often the reason for Bursitis can not be resolved. The main approaches to forestall getting it are to wear defensive apparatus while exorcizing, practice proper warm ups and cool downs during exercise and to keep up a high wellness level. Bursitis is a without any problem treatable sickness. In the event that you speculate that you have bursitis, you will most likely look for the guidance of a specialist. No doubt the specialist will take a gander at your clinical history and take some x-beams. On the off chance that you are determined to have bursitis the specialist may endorse some non-steroidal calming drugs and additionally torment relievers and may make some cortisone infusions into the bursa to alleviate irritation. Once at home you are normal rest the influenced region however much as could be expected and to apply RICE ( rest, ice, pressure and rise of the excited joint). Additionally to keep the joint from freezing you should start moving and practicing the influenced region as quickly as time permits. In all likelihood the difficult will die down in 7 to

7 Signs of an Office Mean Girl and Why She Acts Out

7 Signs of an Office Mean Girl and Why She Acts Out More in Stress Management Job Stress Workplace Bullying Effects on Health Management Techniques Situational Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress When it comes to the  mean girl phenomenon, it is not limited to the tween and teen years. In fact, more and more mean girls have grown up but have never changed. As a result, they are infiltrating the workforce in growing numbers.  Even though  the Workplace Bullying Institute indicates that men still make up the largest number of bullies in the workforce, there are a number of women who also participate in workplace bullying.??   Signs of an Office Mean Girl Here are seven signs that the women you work with may be mean girls. Office Mean Girls Exclude Others Ostracizing other women at work is a sure sign of an office mean girl.?? These women use relational aggression to socially isolate someone while attempting to increase their own status at work.   Typically, office mean girls are driven by a number of factors including anything from jealousy and a need for attention to a fear of competition.   As a result, they will act as a clique, leaving other women out of lunch dates, meetings, and after-work gatherings. They may even discuss the details in front of those who are being isolated to demonstrate their power. Office Mean Girls Struggle With Envy Usually, these women want what others have, especially at work. And, they are willing to go to any extreme to hurt the person that has what they want.   For instance, an office mean girl might boycott another employee’s ideas, projects or social gatherings. She will even take steps to destroy her target’s reputation and work-related projects. And she is unable to acknowledge anything good about other people due to her struggle with envy. Office Mean Girls Steal Your Work When a co-worker steals your work, this may be due to laziness, insecurity or even incompetence. Whatever the reason, they don’t do their own work, but instead, ride on the success of your work.??   And because they have such a strong desire to get to the top of the corporate ladder, they will do anything to get there including using other people.  It is not uncommon for an office mean girl to befriend someone solely on what she thinks she can get from the relationship. Office Mean Girls Lie, Gossip, and Spread Rumors Office mean girls are often obsessed with what other people think of them. They consider how everything looks to others. As a result, these bullies target others that threaten their status in some way.   For instance, if they believe another woman is threatening their status or position at the office, they have no qualms about attacking her relationally in order to eliminate the perceived threat.  These actions can include making up lies and spreading rumors about her work ethic, her office relationships, and even her personal life. Office Mean Girls Are Serial Bullies These bullies are toxic women who are systematic, controlled and calculated in their approach. On the outside, this office mean girl appears charming and charismatic, but on the inside, they are cold and calculating.  ?? As a result, they tend to inflict emotional pain on their victims over long periods of time.  They also are skilled manipulators. They appear sweet, but this is just another way to manipulate situations to their liking. Girls like these twist facts and situations to make themselves look innocent or to avoid being reprimanded. Office Mean Girls Struggle with Anger Sometimes office mean girls have poor impulse control. They are quick-tempered, tend to yell a lot and may even use profanity. These women also are prone to using direct insults and direct name-calling.   They also may dominate meetings by arguing, criticizing, using sarcasm and spewing insults. And they are not above rolling their eyes and coughing to undermine what other people are saying. 5 Ways to Become More Emotionally Intelligent at Work Office Mean Girls Are Power Hungry These women want to be the ones in control and calling the shots.?? But instead of earning that right through respect and teamwork, they often speak disrespectfully to others, insist on having things their way and put other people and their opinions down.  What’s more, they use the power and control they already have to their advantage. Sometimes, these women are bosses who are bullies. Other times, they have strong personalities, excellent verbal skills or a lot of influence and they use these things to walk over the needs of other people. A Word From Verywell If you are dealing with an office mean girl, it is important to make the most of your current position, that is until you can find a better place. Make sure you respond professionally and keep documentation of what is happening in case you need. But in the meantime, be sure you also get out and meet other people in your industry. Try to build bridges and network as much as you can. And then when the opportunity presents itself, make the move. You cannot expect to deal with an office mean girl indefinitely, so be on the lookout for a better place. How to Recover From Bullying in Your Workplace

Discuss the View That the Caribbean Today Is...

Discuss the view that the Caribbean today is underdeveloped and dependent. The Caribbean refers to the chain of islands and mainland territories washed by the Caribbean Sea that share a similar historical, social and cultural background. Before one can argue whether or not the Caribbean is underdeveloped, the term development must be inspected. The United Nations defines development the ability to lead healthy lives, to be knowledgeable, access to resources for a decent standard of living and to be able to participate in the life of the community. The dimensions of social development are: social welfare, health, education, housing, urban and rural development and land reform. The HDI of the UNDP combines measurement of per capita†¦show more content†¦Developed countries such as the US and the UK can not only afford to give fee health care but also to secure enough medical doctors, technicians and other personnels to have a smooth flowing health system. So while Jamaica may not be underdeveloped, it is nowhere near comparative with that of first wor ld nations and as such must be described as developing. Social welfare is yet another glaring indicator of social development, that is, how well a country is able to provide and take care of its unemployable and unemployed citizens. Social welfare is important if the cycle of illiteracy and poverty is continued. Social welfare programmes are geared towards ensuring persons of marginal receive fair and equal opportunities, children have the opportunity of education despite their parents economic standing for example. In developed countries with the raising of retirement age to 65 years come mass protest, in the Caribbean, particularly Jamaica, this is seen as a rescue from the nightmares of low unsustainable pensions. Children of poor and unemployed parents may have the benefits of welfare packages that can never be compared to first world nations such as Canada or United States of America, it can however feed them and that are a good start to development. In concluding, one must admit that the Caribbean for the most part, though not the most developed of territories is on theShow MoreRelatedGender Marginalization5547 Words   |  23 PagesThis unit deals, in detail, the various aspects of marginalization. After reading this unit, you will be able to: definemargmhzation; explain how marginalization creates development deprivation; delineate the nature and causes of marginalization; discuss the various types of marginalization; and explain the effects of marginalization. 3.2 THE MEANING AND NATURE OF MARGINALIZATION In general, the term marginalization describes the overt actions or tendencies of human societies, where people whoRead MoreTransparency Of Donor Aid As A Key Factor6243 Words   |  25 Pagesleads to higher economic growth and poverty reduction rates . Aid is good when aid is real. Real aid is far more effective since it helps reduce poverty and issues of inequality in the society. Aid only becomes poisonous when a country becomes aid dependent, even when the burden of debt increases. Aid provisions started off with the aim of promoting economic growth and reduce poverty. However, Easterly argued that one might wonder if truly the purpose of aid is to promote economic growth and reduceRead MoreRethinking Mercantalism Essay15042 Words   |  61 Pagesmodern system† of regulation in book 4 of The Wealth of Nations, he necessarily included in his account a description of the emergence of the modern European colonial system. Just as the mercantile system was supported by the avaricious and absurd views of shopkeepers and merchants, so the Europeans sought colonies in the first instance because of â€Å"the same passion which has suggested to so many people the absurd idea of the philosopher’s stone.† The Council of Castile sought colonies in the New Read MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pages498 498 499 500 Selection Criteria for International Assignments General Criteria Adaptability to Cultural Change Physical and Emotional Health Age, Experience, and Education Language Training Motivation for a Foreign Assignment Spouses and Dependents or Work-Family Issues Leadership Ability Other Considerations 503 503 504 505 505 506 506 506 507 507 Economic Pressures and Trends in Expat Assignments International Human Resource Selection Procedures Testing and Interviewing ProceduresRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesrecent phase of the human experience is usually covered only at the end of a multiterm sequence of world history units has meant that it often ends up becoming a rushed add-on of rather random, abbreviated capsule summaries and general overviews. In view of the fact that no phase of history can begin to match the twentieth century in terms of the extent to which it has shaped the contemporary world, this marginalization is particularly pernicious and has been at times literally lethal. The unmatchedRead MoreManagement Challenges for the 21st Century.Pdf60639 Words   |  243 PagesPublisher iii Introduction: Tomorrow’s â€Å"Hot† Issues Where, readers may ask, is the discussion of COMPETITIVE STRATEGY, of LEADERSHIP, of CREATIVITY, of TEAMWORK, of TECHNOLOGY in a book on MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES? Where are the â€Å"HOT† ISSUES OF TODAY? But this is the very reason why they are not in this book. It deals exclusively with TOMORROW’S â€Å"Hot† Issues—the crucial, central, life-and-death issues that are certain to be the major challenges of tomorrow. CERTAIN? Yes. For this is not a bookRead MoreDubais Political and Economic Development: Essay38738 Words   |  155 Pagesof four decades, they have managed to shift the citys economic focus from fishing and gold trading to tourism, mass communications, shipping, and finance. Unlike many of its regional peers which have developed unstable regimes and stagnant, oil-dependent economies, Dubai has diversified its economy to become a politically stable center for commerce and tourism. Consequently, Dubai has resisted the expectations of regional anal ysts and is a clear outlier from development trends in the Gulf. This observationRead MoreProject on Risk Management46558 Words   |  187 Pagesshould be one of the critical components of market risk management in banks. Deregulation of interest rates has, however, exposed them to the adverse impacts of interest rate risks. The Net Interest Income or Net Interest Margin (NIM) of banks is dependent on the movements of interest rates. The GAP model for the Asset Liability Management is concerned with measuring interest rate risk by finding the pattern of the net interest income over a given period of time. Capital adequacy norms lays downRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 PagesPatients with Internet access can obtain information on new products directly themselves. Health is one of the top reasons for searches on the Internet. In the USA, up to 75 per cent of those that search for health-related information are likely to discuss that information with their health care providers. This trend is likely to increase patient demand for new, effective, better-tolerated therapies, particularly in litigious countries such as the USA. However, the Internet also has the potential toRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesfamiliar with most of the organizations, although probably not with the details of their situations. We are always on the lookout for cases that can bring out certain points or caveats in the art of marketing decision making, and that give a balanced view of the spectrum of marketing problems. The goal is to present examples that provide 1 2 †¢ Chapter 1: Introduction somewhat different learning experiences, where at least some aspect of the mistake or success is unique. Still, we see similar

Foot Binding in China - 1784 Words

In all societies, it was very common to have unequal treatment to men and women with the justification being the gender. This shaped the attitude and behavior of people. This commonly occurred to values, norms, customs, and laws in all societies. In the traditional Chinese society, it was very common for the bride to obey her parent-in-laws, do housework, and have a low social status within and outside of the household. Ancient China based its livelihood off of Confucian principles. Confucian principles act as a guide for the people to live and behave according to. Confucian principles included relationships such as the relationship of the emperor to his subjects, a father to a son, elder brother to younger brother, husband to wife, and friend to friend. Traditional China functions on these principles to guide the peoples’ lives. Women living in a Confucian society played a limited gender role. Confucian principles were instilled very deeply into the Chinese society; it was pr actice throughout Chinese history. Some practices of Confucianism are practiced to this day. Women did not share the same privileges as men in a traditional Confucian society because their role was to be the house wife that society shaped them into. The family structure in China resembles the family structure of agricultural civilizations. It accentuates the importance of unity and strength of the husband and the father in the family. Confucianism, although a religion/philosophy that beholds manyShow MoreRelatedWomen Should Not Be A Mandatory Procedure For Chinese Women843 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout history, women have tried many different ways to make themselves as beautiful as possible to be accepted into their society. In the eleventh century, Foot Binding seemed to be a mandatory procedure for Chinese Women. It was an excruciating process that women would go through to please their husbands. Foot binding became popular as a means of a flaunting status because women from w ealthy families who did not need them to work could afford to have their feet bound The practice became soRead MoreFoot-Binding Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesThe practice of Foot-Binding entered into Mainstream Chinese culture around the 12th and 13th centuries (Feng 236), a time when the emerging conservative movement and the creation of a new social class system severely lowered the status of women. The restructuring of the social class system was driven by new and increased prosperity and created a new and higher standard of living that was enjoyed by the new upper class of scholars and farmers. 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While someRead MoreFoot Binding is Viewed Differently in Different Cultures1145 Words   |  5 Pagesears pierced, or something to the extreme, such as pearling (inserting small beads underneath the skin of the genitals). However, the act of body modification is something that has been in nearly every culture since the beginning of time. Foot binding is now considered a very extreme and cruel form of body modification. It is almost near impossible to find information on the subject without it being shed in a negative light. The important thing to remember, however, is that body modificationRead MoreThe Role Of Women During The Chinese Society1485 Words   |  6 PagesThe role of women in the family in traditional China was one of subservience and deference to men. Women were thought more of as property rather than important members of the family unit. Their main purpose was to serve and be pleasing to their husbands, fathers and even brothers regardless of how it affected them. They lived under the dictate of their parents until they were married and once married lived under the rule of their husbands. They had few rights and were not allowed to own propertyRead MoreSnow Flower And The Secret Fan Summary997 Words   |  4 Pagesreflects back on her life in China during the 1800’s. Lily’s story begins in her early life when she is six years old a diviner and matchmaker, both tell Lily’s mother to take special care with her foot binding for she had the potential of having them be perfect. The story continues through the process of Lily and her surrounding female relatives foot binding experience until she is eleven and her feet have healed perfectly resulting in the golden lotus. This perfect foot binding grants her an immediateRead MoreEssay on Women’s Role in China1280 Words   |  6 Pages Women’s Role in China The emotional, sexual, and psychological stereotyping of females begins when the doctor says: Its a girl. -Shirley Chislom- Women have had changing roles in every society for centuries. Depending on the country, some women have had a harder time achieving equality. One of these countries is China. These women have faced such obstacles as foot binding to concubines. Until the twentieth century women were not considered equals in their society. Many cruelRead MoreOppressive Fashion1060 Words   |  5 Pagesoppressive clothing and fashion. The corset, the practice of foot binding, and hijabs were all massive parts of oppressive fashion. Each served a specific purpose, but hindered women at the same time. Foot binding was a practice in China that began around the 10th century. It lasted for a very, very long time in history – all the way up until the mid-20th century. Foot binding consists of pressing the toes up against the sole of the foot and tying it there. This was done to girls around age 5. The

Is Hamlet Mad Free Essays

Is Hamlet Mad (His Indecisive Soliloquies)? A controversy occurs over whether Hamlet’s behaviour displays craziness or planned insightfulness when deciding on his revenge on King Claudius. Prince Hamlet’s life unfortunately spirals out of hand when his father mysteriously dies. Suspicion of the possible murder of the king rises when his mother immediately marries King Claudius. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Hamlet Mad or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hamlet becomes extremely skeptical believing that his father did not die of murder and concludes that King Claudius could be held as a suspect. He contemplates his plans on revenge on many occasions alone, in literature, known as soliloquies. major purpose f Shakespeare’s use of Soliloquies in Hamlet is to provide views of the prince at crucial moments in the course of his experience†(Newell 134) His pursuit to find out officially causes Hamlet’s change of behaviour, a crazy behaviour in which he claims he acts on purpose. Yet many in the story claim Hamlet’s rash decisions, sudden hatred towards Ophelia, and the killing of Polonius, emerge out of a mental disease he developed naturally after his father’s death. The reader makes their own opinions when observing how he acts by himself reflecting on his journey towards revenge. Hamlet progresses from indecisiveness and confusion when handling the matters of revenge towards King Claudius observed in Act 2, Scene 2; Act 3, Scene 1 and Act 4 Scene 2. This is due to his religious morals sometimes, and other times he’s so blinded by revenge that he wants to i the king when he’s in a position of unholiness. Firstly, in act 2, scene 2, Hamlet shows vengeful confusion demonstrating himself as an avenger. The scene begins with Gertrude inviting Guildenstern and Rosencrantz to Elsinore in hopes to help Hamlet recover from his sudden change of behaviour. Since they have grown up with him, they know his personality the best, thus Hamlet, Gertrude’s â€Å"too much changed son† (2. 2. 36) contains fondness solely for his comrades, opening the gates for Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to investigate secretly. Hamlet seems pleased about the arrival of his best friends, yet becomes skeptical over their reason for the sudden appearance. When they claim they came merely to revisit Hamlet, he strictly declares that he knows the king and the queen sent for them. After the players perform, giving an enlightening speech regarding the fall of Troy, Hamlet leaves his comrades, standing alone. Here, he formulates a plan to find out whether Claudius indeed killed his father. Forcing Claudius to watch The Murder of Gonzaga, a play which may r may not resemble Claudius’s own very life, Hamlet will scout his reaction of potential guilt written on his face- proof that Claudius did indeed murder the king. â€Å"Hamlet’s fourth soliloquy may be seen as a link between the emotional turmoil f his previous soliloquy, after his encounter with the ghost and the level of intellectuality of the â€Å"to be or not to be soliloquy† shortly after it. (Newell 56) In other words, this soliloquy could be considered as a bond connecting with chaos, his previous soliloquy, and intuitiveness, his subsequent soliloquy. Unfortunately, Hamlet displays illogicalness throughout his soliloquy. He uses contradicting analogies showing lack of commitment and certainty to act n revenge. line reads that he prevails â€Å"with eyes like carbuncles, the Hellish Pyrrhus old grandsire Priam seeks. So proceed you. †(2. 2. 466-468) Hamlet relates himself to Pyrrhus. Therefore, if â€Å"Hamlet is like Pyrrhus, then Priam is in avoidably an analogue for Claudius against whom Hamlet seeks revenge. (Newell 59) If Hamlet committed to his quest for revenge, he would further his commitment by similar analogies supporting his classification as the avenger. Instead, he then propels himself in the opposite direction, by using words â€Å"peasant slave† for himself and â€Å"kindles villain† in the rhetoric way† (Newell k). This also creates a controversy f prospective. First he calls himself a revenger like Pyrrhus. â€Å"But it comes from Aeneas pint f view creating sympathy f Hamlet† (Ne well 58) In addition, Hamlets scheme he reveals in his soliloquy subsists as a flawed plan. Firstly, Hamlet claims â€Å"The rugged Pyrrhus, like the Hyrcanian beast† (2. 2. 453). â€Å"He compares Pyrrhus as a â€Å"Hyrcanian beast† a mistake because it reveals Hamlets subconscious views of Pyrrhus as an avenger acting mindlessly with bestial ferocity† (Newman 57) Secondly, Hamlet’s plan to â€Å"catch the conscience of the king† (2. 2. 610) is t trap the king by bringing out an emotional response. he plans to catch Claudius connecting emotionally with an actor who plays killer, therefore revealing Claudius as the killer. However, this idea starts to become unsound because Claudius’ feeling about the play could never have become a reliable source f truth t killing Hamlet’s father. Many connect with movies because of the engaging actors and actresses, the angle of lights, and the overall atmosphere the director creates without actually going through the same situation the character did in the movie. Emotional responses should not be one’s ticket to killing. Obviously, Hamlet’s declaration â€Å"I am but mad north-north-west: when the wind is southerly I know a hawk from a handsaw† (2. 2. 81-382) could prove itself at such a crucial moment, questioning the truthfulness or reliability in this quote. If Hamlet chose to act â€Å"mad† at nerve-wrecking times in his life, then he would have turned off his â€Å"performance† and demonstrated sanity and intrusiveness when alone, developing a significant plan that may alter his life. Consequently, Hamlet’ s soliloquy reveals carelessness and illogicalness, pushing his reflections n a negative note upon his act towards revenge. Secondly, Act 3 of Hamlet opens with Guildenstern and Rosencrantz meeting with Gertrude and Claudius, discussing Hamlet’s behavior. The trio has come to the conclusion that no one can explain his bizarre change, so Claudius dismisses the other three, saying that he and Polonius intend to spy on Hamlet’s confrontation with Ophelia. While Polonius and the king walk a1round the lobby, they hear Hamlet coming and decide to hide behind the tapestry. Not detecting their presence, Hamlet wrestles with the decision to commit suicide. â€Å"To be or not to be, that is the ques2tion† (3. 1. 56) He believes suicide will end the pain of his existence for good. â€Å"Between the sick soul and the knowledge and of love here are interstellar spaces that divide Hell from Heaven. (Bloom 56) This means to the ordinary eye, Heaven and Hell stand tremendously far away from each other. However, when considering into account a question like this, one can make the gap seem much smaller. Although the consideration of suicide from any character is daunting at the very least, Hamlet still approaches the question with eloque nce and logical thinking. Initially, Hamlet attempts to pose one such a question in a rational, logical way. He ponders why or how the â€Å"slings and arrows of outrageous fortune† (3. 1. 58) can be borne out since life after death is so uncertain. Ha1mlet considers that suicide would not seem as big of a deal if one knows his death or her afterlife. because Ha1mlet believes one does not know what happens after death, he or she would rather â€Å"bear those ill we have, then fly to others that we know not of† (3. 1. 81-82) Many struggle with this issue of what happens after people die, and even base many decisions upon it. For Hamlet to recognize this uncertainty as a significant fact in the idea of suicide rather than ending some sort of â€Å"everlasting† pain, shows complete logical reasoning. In fact, by the time most conclude that their life must end, they too senile have become already mentally unstable and crazy to even formulate why suicide remains a controversial issue. Hamlet explains that if everyone knew about his or her afterlife, most suicides will indeed occur and the issue would not seem contentious. Furthermore, Hamlet shows his intelligence in depicting his decision about suicide in his â€Å"to be or not to be† soliloquy. Although at this moment, Hamlet realizes that many choose life over death because of the inability to know one’s afterlife, the speech remains a deep contemplation about the nature and reason for death. After posing this complex question and wondering about the nature of the great sleep, Hamlet goes on to list many sufferings which men are prone to in the midst of life’s rough course of life, which makes it seem as though he is moving toward death yet, again. By the end of this soliloquy, however, he finally realizes â€Å"But the dread of something after death, the undiscovered country form whose bourn to no traveler returns, puzzles the will, and makes us rather bear those ills we have†. (3. 1. 78-81) Additionally, the way Hamlet even poses the question of suicide as a matter of Philosophical debate shows intuition. He does not express himself at all during the soliloquy, never uses the words â€Å"I† or â€Å"me† in the entire speech, setting it up as a controversial question upon which people can voice their opinions. â€Å"When we shuffled off this mortal coil must give us pause† (3. 1. 67) †¦ â€Å"when he himself might his quietus make† (3. 1. 75)†¦Soft you now! † (3. 1. 88) Instead, Hamlet purposely uses words such as we, us, you, he, and his to disguise what he is really thinking about, acting cautiously but very smartly. His words at the end of the scene are indeed ‘wild and whirling’† (Bloom 87) towards Ophelia. As a result, Hamlet shows confusion to end his life or not, yet in a very intellectual manner, presenting his saneness to the audience. Lastly, act 4 scenes 4, focuses back to Hamlet’s pursuit to revenge Claudius officially. Hamlet encounters with the Norwegian captain who shows forcefulness and courage in tak ing action. This discourages Hamlet and his commitment to revenge. Hamlet stands awestruck by the willingness of Fortinbras’ devotion and energy towards his entire army. When left alone, Hamlet the moral doubt of Fortinbras’ deed, but his dynamism impress him to a point of a firm decision on one last attempt. Here he analyzes his patience yet forcefulness like Fortinbras’ and his patch of land, toward King Claudius. Actually, â€Å"His previous two soliloquies provide clarifying context for the defective working of his mind in the present one, for his reason is in fact, no less subjected by passion here than in the other two. (Newell 134) Here, Hamlet utters great emotion towards his stagnant plans on revenge and expresses them in this soliloquy. To begin with, Hamlet’s logical reasoning becomes apparent in his last soliloquy because he develops dramatically indeed in the play-â€Å"The subjugation of Hamlet’s reason by his passion for revenge† (Newell 133) For one, Shakespeare reestablishes Hamlet’s preoccupation with revenge as tragic. It subsists as a â€Å"Necessary soliloquy after accidentally killing Polonius by mistake in pursuit of revenge; unlike the last two, people sympathize with him and view him tragically. (Newell 134) Sympathizing with Hamlet’s confusion and distress compels the reader to classify him as a logical person, not as a mad man, who needs support when going through a very upsetting time in his life. In relation to this, it helps that Hamlet uses â€Å"the language of Elizabethan spirituality of the mind, the engaging of thought and unlike before, finding him repulsive by the close scene with Gertrude, hide and seek with school fellows and the interview with Claudius. (Newell 135) Next, the audience believes he displays logical reasoning because his thinking and reasoning correspond. He reveals jealous rage while simultaneously, finally planning his overdue act of revenge on Claudius. â€Å"My thoughts be blood, or be nothing worth! † (4. 4. 66). In other words, Hamlet exclaim s my thoughts be bloody, my deeds be bloody also, giving some consistency with his preparation. His logical thinking steer him onto the right path of revenge. Moreover, Hamlet exposes his brilliance through his soliloquy of â€Å"discursive reasoning, in a way that heightens one’s tragic view of the character before he leaves† (Newell 133) Firstly, his â€Å"soliloquy makes him less vengeful and more patient for an opportunity for revenge† (Newell 135) showing personal growth in the matter. He knows revenge lies as his only option, yet instead of rushing it with a quick spontaneous plan like before; he takes a different approach and develops patience revolving around the issue. â€Å"Of thinking too precisely on the event- A thought which, quartered hath but one part wisdom and even three parts coward. (4. 4. 41-43) This means, if he thinks too long and critically, he will become anxious and a coward, but if he waits patiently and stop the rash aggressiveness clouding his mind, revenge will fall into place. Secondly, â€Å"the reoccurrence of â€Å"beast† and â€Å"discourse† and â€Å"reason† in a cluster brings to mind the forceful phrase â€Å"a beast that wants discourse of reason† from the first soliloquy† (Newell 133) This presents Hamlet intelligence, relating his last soliloquy with his first because a confused madman could not possibly remember what he reflected upon by himself, many times ago, this gives Hamlet some credit of existing as normal. Therefore, Hamlet shows logical thinking and intuitiveness in his last soliloquy, ending his reflections on a positive note on his pursuit towards revenge, also presenting himself as not a completely crazy man. Hamlet progresses from indecisiveness and confusion to logic when handling the matters of revenge towards King Claudius observes in Act 2, Scene 2; Act 3, scene 1; and Act 4, Scene 2 soliloquies. The opinions on where he really developed a mental disorder if he played it off towards only his friends, remains debatable; for in three main soliloquies he acts either wise or cultivated. An act or not, nobody should judge someone after going through a loss like Hamlets’. Even if one’s behaviour changed for the worse after a parent’s death, many should sympathize and support him or her through his or her loss. A loss of a close family member is one of the most difficult situations one goes through. One must remember that everyone is a unique individual. Therefore, many cope with the tragedy of death differently. Works Cited Bloom, Harold. The Embassy of Death: An Essay on Hamlet. Hamlet. 1990 ed. Print. Lamb, Sidney ed. Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Hoboken: Wiley Publishing, Inc. 2000. Print. Levin, Harry. Interrogation, Doubt, Irony: Thesis, Antithesis, Synthesis. Modern Critical View William Shakespeare: The Tragedies. 1959 ed. Print. Newell, Alex. Passion and Reason. The Soliloquies in Hamlet 1935 ed. Print. Newell, Alex. The mind O’erthrown: Reason Pandering Will. The Soliloquies in Hamlet. 1927 ed. Print. How to cite Is Hamlet Mad, Papers

Marketing Analysis Exceptional Business Performance

Question: Describe about the Marketing Analysis for Exceptional Business Performance. Answer: Introduction La Trobe University is one of the leading universities in Melbourne, Victoria. The University has become one of the leading educational institutions given the exceptional performance of the students. La Trobe University has developed a unique online management program that has helped the university to gain competitive edge in the market (Khan, 2014). The online Business Management program has helped a lot of students especially the students who study in the overseas conditions. The online master of management program developed by the university takes an opportunity to equip the students for the professional field of management (Beneke, 2011). It is extremely important for the students to be well aware of the key aspects of management to be able to perform the duties of the manager. The course mainly focuses on the development of the students from the core to develop the key skills of the management. The management program has helped the students to study as per their time which allow s the students to get better ideas and gather effective knowledge for a credible management career (Durkin et al., 2012). The Launch and commercialisation of the online program has been done in an effective manner. Situation Analysis of La Trobe University La Trobe University is one of the leading universities in the area of Melbourne. The University mainly works in the education sector which is one of the bigger sectors in the country Australia. La Trobe University has developed a unique online master of management program which focuses on developing the students to understand the core concepts of management and will help the students to become successful in the long run. The product is nicely framed as it has proper offering in terms of timings and flexibility as well as subject offering (Newman Jahdi, 2009). The students are able to do master of management with a broad focus or with a specialisation on innovation, or project management or Entrepreneurship. The best part about the course is it is extremely effective as it merges the professional and the academic context in the right proportion which would help the students to get the best out of the course. The course prepares the students in the best possible way to handle the mana gerial duties in the professional field effectively in the long run. This course has been highly preferred the students overseas students as they are able to get a proper knowledge regarding the core concepts of management at their preferred timing (Wilson et al., 2009). La Trobe University in Melbourne has been performing well in the last few years but it faces significant competition in the market with the likes of RMIT University, University of Melbourne, and Monash University who have significant market share in the country. This has helped La Trobe to focus on developing a unique educational program that could help it to gain competitive advantage in the market. The Online Master of Management program has been able to meet the requirements of the students to a large extent which has automatically developed the market share of the university (Kotler et al., 2015). The University has fair result in terms of students performance. LA Trobe University has got the advantage in many different ways. In the recent past the University has had to compete with number of other educational institutions that has brought out the best ideas from the university. The Online Management Program is one such program that is likely to help the institute competitive adv antage in the market. The past information of the institute shows significant rise in its enrollment. In the financial year of 2014 the net asset of the company increased by around 10% to AU$ 1, 153,059. On the other hand the operating revenue and research income both significantly increased to respectively AU$ 672,861 and AU$ 55,381. In the 2014 financial year the institute had around 37000 enrollments approximately that highlight the growth of the institute. La Trobe has developed a strong focus to meet the needs and requirements of the students and it clearly reflects on the gradual increase in the assets and also in the enrollment of the students (Rizvi, 2015). The educational market in Victoria especially Melbourne is highly competitive with Institutions like RMIT, Monash University, University of Melbourne and La Trobe operating and competing against each other. It is extremely important to mention that most of these universities have similar educational structure especially RMIT and La Trobe have similar course structure as well as course fees and hence the market is pretty even. In this highly competitive market environment business models of the universities have come under scanner. In the recent past the Australian higher educational sector has become cutthroat (Malhotra, 2011). The University of Melbourne has become one of the leading universities with its infrastructure. This is positioned in the top of the graph. Similarly Swineburne University, RMIT University share similar market share which are competing against each other that clearly reflects on the level of competition that the market experiences. It is extremely important fo r the University to understand the impact of the different macro environmental factors on the product development in the organisation (Naidoo, 2009). PESTEL Analysis Political: The political framework of the country is in flux. Constant turmoil between the two different political segments has created real turmoil. It is the joint responsibility of the Federal Government and the provincial government to work on the welfare of the place. Similarly for the development of the education system it is important for the governments to contribute to the development of the educational infrastructure of the La Trobe University. The Online Master of Management program that is developed by the university is in line with the Cyber Guidelines of the Federal government of Australia. La Trobe University has been effectively supported by the local and the central government. The government of the country has provided the infrastructure to La Trobe to effectively develop and attract consumers to instill knowledge among them (Arambewela Hall, 2009). Economic: There has been a drastic change in the economic scenario of the country that has somehow helped the university to attract the foreign students in its total enrollment. The university experiences around 5% of foreign students in its total admission and hence it becomes a significant contribution to the overall revenue generation of the university. The present online management program in question is clearly a cost effective as compared to the normal course fee of business management Program is around 26500 AU$ per 120 credit points whereas the online management program is worth 56000 AUD for international candidates and for students from New Zealand is much lesser which clearly enthuse students to take up the online program. Introduction of this program has increased the number of overseas students learning in distance and have contributed significantly to the growth and development of the companys economic status. It is distance learning so the University doesnt have to inv est highly on the organisation that also provides economic benefit of the company and sets the platform for its promotion (Kotler et al, 2015). Social: The requirement of the efficient and skilled staffs have increased in the last few years as well as the placement opportunities in overseas companies which has developed the scope of getting more overseas clients. The framing of the online master of management course is done with the help of broad focus to instill the right kind of knowledge to the students. Consumption pattern within the country has changed that has highly boosted the framing of course where innovation has been included as one of the subjects of specialisation. Higher education in Australia is considered as one of the effective aspects that would lead to favorable employment opportunities. La Trobe University has used this aspect of placement to good effect and has promised to prepare the students to get placements (Koller, 2012). Technological: The best part about the Online master of management course is it is cloud based and any student from across the world could get access to the course materials and can also interact with the tutors and get efficient feedback about their progress in the course. It is important to mention that the course is focused on preparing students breaking the barrier of distance. The integration of the technological factor in the course has helped the university to get good response from the students especially international students. Several factors have augmented the development of the science and technology in the country. The allocation of funds has been effective in the last few years that have developed the technological aspect of the course as well as the infrastructure of the university (Armstrong, 2012). Environmental: The University strives to contribute for the welfare of the environment and the integration of technological aspect has helped the organisation to get that aspect of pollution out of the question. The environmental control is an extremely important aspect and the use of paper is one of the main concerns for the University. It is important to mention that the introduction of the online management program has been effective in dealing with pollution especially by eliminating the use of paper through online learning program (Kotler Armstrong, 2010). Legal: La Trobe University tries to focus on abiding by the Australian Education Act 2013 that helps the University to provide funding and arrangement to the students. The Directorate of the Distance Learning Australia supports the University in all the legal ways so that the students especially overseas students are able to get best possible learning opportunities. For the new product development the social and political factors are extremely effective for the university. It gets ample support from the government to develop the online program that reduces the pollution. The social factors like employment opportunities are key to developing the online program. The Marketing plan of the Online Management Program is launched for commercialisation that is effectively supported by the internal stakeholders. The companys mission and vision statements are in line with the focus of developing the online program (Belz Peattie, 2009). Current Mission Statement of La Trobe University The Mission Statement of La Trobe University is to provide quality higher education to serve the community of Victoria and the international communities from the economic, social and environmental context. The mission statement of the company is well in line with the way the organisation is promoting the online education program to prepare the overseas students to become successful professional managers and distribute the light of education (Rizvi, 2015). Core Ideology La Trobe University was founded in the year 1964 with the focus of distributing higher education all across the Australia as well as to the international students and provides affordable education for the gradual growth and development of the organisation and the company has been keeping on the path with the distribution of higher education. The company values its internal and external stakeholders and focus on having an effective relationship between them. The employees, upper management, customers and government are given priority which helps the organisation to understand the needs and wants of the stakeholders. The students are the major consumers and are considered as one of the significant partners for the growth and development of the institution (Kotler et al., 2015). On the other hand Employees are considered as advisors and a key stakeholder for smooth framing of the corporate governance. The strategic focus area of the University is in line with the main mission of the organisation that helps the organisation to develop a strong marketing plan for the launch of the online master of management program. The University is extremely focused on managing its resources ethically and takes responsibility to contribute towards the development of the environment. The organisation uses less paper and tends to do less wor k on paper and uses technology to communicate with students. With this focus the company has launched the online programs which has helped in using less physical resources and have helped to do the required job through technology. The organisation La Trobe University has always strived to add value with its products and recently launched product online master of management program has taken the responsibility of preparing students for the pragmatic challenge with the utmost care (Malhotra, 2011). The Organisation mainly relies on its human resource which has become its key strength in the business. The University has trained staffs and teachers that have helped the university to focus on its objective of distributing higher education. The staffs are highly efficient and the financial strength of the company also supports its plan. The overall operating revenue of the organisation as calculated in the financial year of 2014 was AUD 673000 (Kotler et al., 2015). Target Market Segments The organisation La Trobe University has focused on targeting the youth segments especially the overseas students from different countries. The target segment of the product of La Trobe University is mainly divided by Psychographics. The Psychographic segmentation mainly helps the university to understand the culture, traits, and values of the consumers and accordingly frames the target market. It has helped the university to engage the students in designing and framing the course involving subjects like Innovation, project management and entrepreneurship. The product designed is an online master of management program which has helped the University to understand the nerves of student (Charlesworth, 2009). The students are interested in the product as the market trend has shown increased need of efficient employees. It is extremely important to mention that most of the students are interested to buy this product in this case the Master of Management course. The Main benefit of this c ourse is it prepares the students with practical knowledge that helps the students to face the practical challenges as managers in a firm. The university target students all across the world which provides them with ample opportunity to develop its marketing communication (Goi, 2009). The Course of La Trobe University has become an effective course for the students since similar courses from different universities are quite expensive and as compared to the master of management course framed by La Trobe University. The Market Segment is Accessible as the organisation is able to communicate with the given market base (Lovelock, 2011). Competitiveness The Product of the La Trobe University is different from the other competitors especially as compared to Monash University, RMIT University, and university of Melbourne. The Master of Management program from the La Trobe University is different since the University provides the right flexibility to the students especially the online management program. This program is competitive enough since the product is able to meet the needs of clients not only from a broader perspective but also with specialisation with subjects like Entrepreneurship, innovation and project management. On the other hand the course fee is also less as compared to the courses of University of Melbourne, RMIT and Swineburne University of Technology (Ng Frobes, 2009). Marketing Mix of La Trobe University The product of the University that is online Master of Management program is effective and suitable for students aspiring to be management professionals in their career and its perceived quality lies in its offering. The course has effective offering in terms of subjects, durations and flexibility which is suitable for the overseas students and this stands to be one of the major advantages of this course. The University has fixed the pricing in the premium level in order to prove its point as the program has a value equivalent to executive MBA and hence is effective for each and every aspiring manager. The premium pricing helps in getting the right kind of response from the students as well as the satisfaction for the consumers (Rizvi, 2015). The course is ubiquitous since it is cloud based and hence extremely effective for students. It is important to mention that the overseas students are able to complete this course at ease which helps to gain competitive advantage in the market. Promotion is done mainly with the help of internet. Web marketing and social media marketing is what the company is taking into account for the development of effective awareness for the course which has already created significant buzz in the virtual market. The marketing communication is mainly done based on the internet and there are no legal restrictions as the University abides by the Education Law in the country that supports communication effectively (Kotler et al., 2015). Conclusion The present study has taken an opportunity to critically analyse the marketing program taken up for the educational program introduced by the La Trobe University. It has discussed the key aspects of marketing and has been able to cover up the objectives successfully. References Khan, M.T., 2014. The concept of'marketing mix'and its elements (a conceptual review paper).International Journal of Information, Business and Management,6(2), p.95. Beneke, J.H., 2011. Marketing the institution to prospective students-A review of brand (reputation) management in higher education.International Journal of Business and Management,6(1), p.29. Durkin, M., McKenna, S. and Cummins, D., 2012. Emotional connections in higher education marketing.International Journal of Educational Management,26(2), pp.153-161. Newman, S. and Jahdi, K., 2009. Marketisation of education: Marketing, rhetoric and reality.Journal of Further and Higher Education,33(1), pp.1-11. Morden, A.R., 1991.Elements of marketing. DP Publ.. Wilson, A.M., Jones, R., Miller, K. and Pentecost, R., 2009.Marketing research: An integrated approach. Pearson Australia. Charlesworth, A., 2009.Internet marketing: a practical approach. Routledge. Goi, C.L., 2009. A review of marketing mix: 4Ps or more?.International journal of marketing studies,1(1), p.2. Lovelock, C., 2011.Services marketing: People, technology, strategy. Pearson Education India. Belz, F.M. and Peattie, K., 2009.Sustainability marketing: A global perspective. Wiley. Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G., 2010.Principles of marketing. pearson education. Kirp, D.L., 2009.Shakespeare, Einstein, and the bottom line: The marketing of higher education. Harvard University Press. Ng, I.C. and Forbes, J., 2009. Education as service: The understanding of university experience through the service logic.Journal of Marketing for Higher Education,19(1), pp.38-64. Armstrong, J.S., 2012. Natural learning in higher education. InEncyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning(pp. 2426-2433). Springer US. Koller, D., 2012. What we're learning from online education.TED. Retrieved May,4, p.2015. Rizvi, S.A.A., 2015. The uniqueness of educational marketing.EDUCATIONAL QUEST: An International Journal of Education and Applied Social Sciences,2(2). Arambewela, R. and Hall, J., 2009. An empirical model of international student satisfaction.Asia Pacific journal of marketing and logistics,21(4), pp.555-569. Naidoo, V., 2009. Transnational Higher Education A Stock Take of Current Activity.Journal of studies in international education,13(3), pp.310-330. Malhotra, N.K., 2011.Basic marketing research. Pearson Higher Ed. Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L. and Armstrong, G., 2015.Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU.

God Exists Essays - Epistemology, Ren Descartes, Thought

God Exists The existence of God has been a question since the idea of God was conceived Descartes tries to prove God's existence, and to show that there is without a doubt something external to ones own existence. He is looking for a definite certainty, a foundation for which he can base all of his beliefs and know that they are true. Descartes' overall project is to find a definite certainty on which he can base all his knowledge and beliefs. Descartes attacks the principles that support everything he believes with his Method of Doubt. The Method of Doubt is Descartes' method of fundamental questioning in which he doubts everything that there is the slightest reason to doubt. Think about it like this. Almost everything you believe to be true comes from the senses or through the senses. However, the senses are sometimes deceptive. Since the senses are not completely trustworthy, it is irrational to place complete trust in them. However, it is no small leap of faith to presume that everything our senses tell us is false. In fact, it seems almost absurd to say such a thing. Nevertheless, as Descartes points out, we have dreams regularly and in these dreams, everything we experience is a figment of our imagination, or at least not real in the physical sense. So, it is reasonable to doubt everything our senses tell us, for the time being. Now, using similar logic, we can say that everything we have learned from physics, astron omy, medicine, and other such fields are all doubtful. Descartes even believed we could say that such simple, logical statements as 2+3 = 5 or a square has 4 sides could be conceived to be false. Since I judge that others sometimes make mistakes in matters that they believe they know most perfectly, may I not, in like fashion, be deceived every time I add two and three or count the sides of a square? We are now at the point where we are doubting everything - the world around us, that we have a body, and anything else that we could possibly believe. Perhaps I even doubt that I exist myself. In doing this, I am in the act of doubting. How can I doubt something if I do not exist? Similarly, maybe I am deceived into thinking I do not exist by some other entity. Then I must exist for it is I who is being deceived. This is the basic premise of Descartes' famous Cogito Ergo Sum - I think therefore I am. Here Descartes is not saying anything about what we are here, just that we are. Next, his goal is to find out exactly what he is. Well, Descartes states, if I exist, for how long do I exist? I exist for as long as I think, and if I cease to think, then I shall also cease to exist. Therefore, I am nothing but a thinking thing - that is, a thing that doubts, understands, affirms, denies, wills, refuses, and that also imagines and senses. Although saying he is all of these things is indeed a bold statement. Descartes feels that in his attempt to prove that he exists he has done all of those things, therefore they must be a part of what he is. Decartes goes on to prove the existence of God. He begins this by stating that nothing can be created from nothing, and that the less perfect can not create something more perfect or better than itself. He explains that he knows he is not perfect because he doubts, and knowing is more perfect than doubting. From that he determines that within him lies this idea of a perfect being, and that he is incapable of coming to such an idea by himself. If there is an idea in our minds that we didn't create, something else created it. He saw nothing in nature that would qualify as superior in the sense that he had stated, so he determined that the only other logical answer was that God placed it in him, therefore, God exists. Berkeley would argue that Descartes is wasting his time by trying to discover what must be absolutely true in the

The Singular Possessive Apostrophe

The Singular Possessive Apostrophe The Singular Possessive Apostrophe The Singular Possessive Apostrophe By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, Could you please do a post on possessives versus plurals? Im seeing this mistake more and more, to the point where I saw someone use an apostrophe for a plural on a billboard. That wretched, wretched apostrophe! Why can’t we get it straight? The answer is complicated. In this post I’ll explain why the apostrophe is used to form the singular possessive. Its use with plurals will have to wait for another post. The apostrophe came into English from French in the 16th century. The French used the apostrophe to indicate elision: the dropping of a vowel letter. For example, in French l’heure, (â€Å"the hour†), the apostrophe stands in place of the a of the article la. English writers use the apostrophe in the same way, to replace letters in contractions like don’t for â€Å"do not,† and I’ll for â€Å"I will† or â€Å"I shall.† The use of the apostrophe in English would have been straightforward and not at all confusing if it hadn’t been for a complication already existing in the language: the breakdown of noun inflections. In Old English, nouns were spelled with different endings to indicate possession and number (singular or plural). Where modern English uses the apostrophe to show possession, OE used inflections. Here’s a rough idea; king’s horse = mearh cyninges (horse of king) king’s horses = mearas cyninges (horses of king) The -es inflection on cyninges is the equivalent of modern ’s. kings’ horses = mearas cyninga (horses of kings) Cyniga is plural; the inflection -a is the equivalent of putting an apostrophe on the plural kings. The loss of noun inflections has simplified English grammar, but it has also lumbered us with apostrophes to show possession. As early at the 13th century–long before the arrival of the apostrophe–English speakers had become confused about the possessive. Spoken, the possessive ending sounded like â€Å"is.† For example, â€Å"the kinges horse† sounded like â€Å"the king is horse.† Because the pronoun his was pronounced â€Å"is† in unstressed positions, the mistaken idea grew up that the possessive was formed of a noun plus his. In time, this notion enabled Shakespeare and his contemporaries to write constructions like this: [against] the count his galleys I did some service –Othello When the apostrophe was introduced into English orthography in the 16th century, constructions like â€Å"the count his galleys,† â€Å"James his throne,† and â€Å"the king his horse† gave way to â€Å"the count’s galleys,† â€Å"James’s throne,† and â€Å"the king’s horse.† In the mistaken notion that the apostrophe was replacing the word his, the singular possessive was born. The French sagely managed to avoid getting the apostrophe mixed up with the possessive by sticking with the â€Å"of the† construction, as in â€Å"la plume de ma tante†: â€Å"the pen of my aunt† (i.e., my aunt’s pen). We could save ourselves a lot of apostrophe grief by going back to â€Å"the horse of the king† and â€Å"the horses of the kings.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Beautiful and Ugly Words26 Feel-Good Words8 Great Podcasts for Writers and Book Authors

Financial Statement Fraud Investigations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Statement Fraud Investigations - Essay Example The inventories were shared between the various stores of the company to boost sales. Various external vendors were arranged to ship merchandises of the company claiming fake discounts. Loads of merchandises were sold to wholesalers and then the receipts were spread to individual stores of the company. This illegal money was entered and circulated between the Antar family and was parked into undisclosed foreign bank accounts. The initial reports suggest that when Crazy Eddie went public about twenty years ago, its shares were traded at $8. The company’s shares have inflated 10 times during the years due to manipulation of accounts. By showing fake sales, misrepresented inventories, doctoring and window dressing financial statements, the company was able to hide its true picture of financial position from the public. Thus, the company’s stocks looked more attractive from outside than it actually was. The sales of the company never fell since the merchandises circulated b etween the various stores and was treated as revenues. Such fraudulent practices helped Crazy Eddie to maintain a healthy double-digit growth and consequently inflated the company’s share prices. ... Due to this, the creditors got the impression that the company’s demand was unmatched and hence they extended the credit period. The payments of actual sales were made in installments. Each installment of a particular sale was treated as individual sales. The sharing of inventories between some forty stores helped the company conceal true facts. The scope of Examination Financial statement frauds challenges the integrity and corporate social responsibility of companies. These frauds may be malpractices in the form of intentional misrepresentation, alteration of financial reports, falsification, doctoring business documents and business transactions, deliberate window dressing and misapplication of accounting policies, inflating sales and inventories, bribes, fictitious revenues, over or understatements in financial statements, and so on. The financial statement fraud examination aims to implement integrity and CSR in all companies by encouraging transparent, reliable, and inve stor-friendly financial statement. Financial statement examination justifies the concept of audits and establishes the confidence of society as well as all market participants. It tries to make the capital market more efficient by providing perfect information for all participants. Financial scandals not only ruin the repute of the company, it might also create negative sentiments in capital markets, affects the nation’s economic growth and prosperity. It gives the culprits one more chance to plead guilty and rectify accounting practices and malpractices. Fraud examination can help protect the company’s minority shareholders’ from potential bankruptcy or substantial economic loses.  

Application of Management Functions to a Case Study

Application of Management Functions to a - Case Study Example As a new manager, I would choose planning to guide me in the management of the hospital. In any business or an organization, entity that focuses on growth and offering quality services to their customers planning is essential (Kerzner, 2013). According to Kerzner, (2013) planning is one of the basic management functions; it involves the use of the available resources to ensure maximum production of goods or solving of peoples wants and needs. Planning ensures maximization of the resources available for production. Additionally, it ensures that the economies of scale are optimized to ensure growth of the organization. Since the merging brings together two entities with different philosophies and way of doing things, planning will be essential to adopt them into our ways of doing things. Additionally, we have to absorb some of the staff who was working in the small hospital. Absorbing the staff can only be possible through effective planning (Kerzner, 2013). Further, Johnson (2013) stated that planning ensures that our goals are clearly set to prevent any conflicts of interest in the newly merged hospital. I will ensure that the goals outlined clearly by writing and follow up to ensure, all the responsible people work hard to ensure the realization of the goals. Additionally, it can come up with a proposal by which the hospitals goals are pinned on all notice boards of the entire hospital. A goal also doubles up as the objectives of the hospital. Objectives are the laid down principles that act as a guide to every organization success. The success of any organization is measured through; the achievements are compared to the set goals. After the merger of the two hospitals, my main goals will include. To increase the number of staff, to start an expanded laboratory facility and to come up with a new registry that will be holding all the records of patients and their affiliates. Secondly, planning shall be essential in my efforts in setting down of

Marketing Processes at Marks and Spencer

Marketing Processes at Marks and Spencer The organization Ill be concentrating on will be Tesco Store and Marks and Spencer. I chose to study organisation behaviour in Tesco and Marks Spencer due to having communication access. I would comfortably get information about these organizations. Tesco plc is an UK- based international grocery and general merchandising retail chain. It is the largest British retailer by both global sales and domestic market share, is the worlds third-largest grocery retailer, and is the fourth- largest retailer behind Wal-Mart of the United States, Carrefour of France, and the home depot of the United States. MS is an international company, which spreads through Europe, North America and Asia. MS is the largest and the leading variety store retailer in the UK. New brand and product development over the last ten years in fast-moving consumer goods sectors in the UK is that many of the most original and successful initiatives have been taken not by manufacturers but by retailers. The aim of this report is to examine organisation behaviour in concern with the understanding of those factors that influence peoples behaviour in the workplace. 2.1Different organisational structures Every organisation with more than one person needs a structure so that workers have clearly defined roles and are clear about the roles of others. An organisations structure is often presented as an organisational chart which will show how management is organised vertically with layers of hierarchy and horizontally by function, product or division. The chart will make clear who is responsible for what, who is responsible to who and who to go with problems and queries. There are three main types of organisational structure: tall hierarchical, flat and matrix hierarchical. Tall this type of structure will have more than 4 levels of structures and span of control is average of 6 people reporting. This causes a distraction in communicating because there are a few people in charge in this long stretching triangle. Bureaucracy has control in this type of organisation. Role culture is the way they work, good promotional aspects. Example of Tall Structure Flat this type of structure will have less than 4 levels and spam of control is about 25 people, usually higher. They have a good level of communication because they have only one or two people in charge that they can report to. Use power culture type of team work structure, have less promotional aspects. Wide and short triangle appears if drawn. Example of Flat Structure Matrix Matrix type of structure is when the work is spread out to other employees. They usually work in teams so their culture is task. Advantages are they can work more efficiently and focused Example of Matrix structure Project 1 Project 2 Project 3 Project 4 Project 5 Project 6 Project 7 Project 8 Employee 1 à ¢-  à ¢-  Employee 2 à ¢-  à ¢-  Employee 3 à ¢-  à ¢-  Employee 4 à ¢-  à ¢-  Network Autonomy (doctors, lawyers, dentists etc). Everyone has equal power so clash of powers and conflicts can happen. Organisational Culture Organisational culture is complex and multi-faceted. Culture is intangible and imprecise. It also changes over time. Culture encompasses standard patterns of behaviour and plays an important role in shaping our purchasing patterns. It stems from traditions, beliefs and values of the community in which people live. It is the complex of values, ideas, attitudes and other meaningful symbols that serves humans to communicate, interpret, and evaluate as members of society. There are four types of organisation culture role, power, and task and person culture. Role culture is known as a bureaucracy. In role culture job comes first so it creates a highly structured, stable company. Power culture is like the spiders web. One individual is in charge of the organisation in the centre surrounded by others involved. Task culture is job or project orientated. Individuals empowered with discretion and control over their work, is flexible and adaptable. Person culture is where the individual is the focus of the organisation. Examples are doctors , solicitors and dentists. Tesco structure Tesco structure seems to be a tall structure. There are six work levels within the organisation. This gives a clear structure for managing and controlling the organisation. Each level requires particular skills and behaviours. Work level 1 frontline jobs staff who works directly with customers doing various tasks in store, such as filling shelves with stock. They require the ability to work accurately and with enthusiasm and to interact well with others. Work level 2 lead a team of employees who deal directly with customers. They require the ability to manage resources, to set targets, to manage and motivate others. Work level 3 running and operating unit. They requires management skills, including: Planning, Target setting and Reporting Work level 4 supporting operating units and recommending strategic change. They require good knowledge of the business, the skills to analyze information and to make decisions, and the ability to lead others. Work level 5 responsible for the performance of Tesco as a whole. They require the ability to lead and direct others, and to make major decisions. Work level 6 creating the purpose, values and goals for Tesco plc. Responsibility for Tescos performance. They require a good overview of retailing, and the ability to build a vision for the future and lead the whole Organization. Marks and Spencer has a flat organisational structure. The business lost a number of layers of authority through delayering which means that employees throughout the business have more responsibility. This enables them to make quick decisions and justifying actions that have been taken. The organisational structure of MS means that most employees had to account for the decision made. Besides this, it is also necessary to make those decisions quickly since there is a lot that one single employee was expected to do. Training and development is therefore necessary to ensure that these employees. It should be noted that most of the roles taken up within MS are specialised. Therefore, employees need to be empowered by teaching them new skills in their new area or career. First of best practice requires that there should be lean organisation structures within the company in order to encourage team work. This is exactly what MS has done; it has included this as part of its strategy. Decision making is not as centralised as it used to be before thus necessitating the need for training and development. Summary Here as we can see Tesco has a tall structure and role culture is the way they work whereas MS has a flat structure and power culture team work. Both organisation structure and culture are different. Relationship between organisations structure and culture and the effects on business performance Organisations must have a formal structure in order for work to be carried out efficiently. It is necessary to divide work into groups or sections into a particular function to prevent duplication of efforts in order to maximise their limited resources. Because an organisation compromises of people there is also an informal organisation with different interlocking relationships, which gives rise to different behaviours, attitudes, individual perceptions and level of ability and aptitude. When people deliberately come together to fulfil a specific goal there are particular accepted ways to behave, speak and interact. This gives rise to organisational culture where it may be formed intentionally or unknowingly to its members by the behaviours of influential members, not necessarily personnel high up the hierarchy but by members who exercise different forms of power within the organisation. This relationship will now be individually examined in the different types of organisational stru cture associated culture and their influence on their employees resulting in their level of business performance. Business performance in a tall organisation structure can be affected by the length of time it takes for the flow of information through the levels of hierarchy making the organisation inflexible slow to adapt to the political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal factors. It has a narrow span of control causing tight control restricting freedom and empowerment which affects motivation. The level of motivation employees possesses affects their output affecting business performance. Employees do not have a clear idea of the big picture. Its highly bureaucratic nature influence role culture. In contrast a flat organisational structure possesses greater flexibility to the PESTLE factors due to its reduce levels of management, ensuring greater survival. The wider the span of control and greater levels of communication may encourage creativity, initiative and ability to make decisions giving the feeling of empowerment, resulting in motivated workers, which affects business performance. This is also dependent upon the individuals personalities and networking relationships within the organisation. If people refuse to work together or perceive what others say it could affect employee relations and output affecting business performance. The culture found in flat organisation structure is that of power culture. The relationship between culture and business performance depend on how strong culture firms learn from and react both their own experiences and changes in their environment. It also confirms behavioural consistency so that there is less room for debate between different groups about the organisation goals. Factors that influence individual behaviour at work The ability to learn from experience will affect individual at work, other factors that affect an individual behaviour at work including ability and aptitude, abilities are things that people can do, or are good at, and this is believed to be inherited. Aptitude is the capacity to learn and develop abilities or skill. Another factor is the individual attitude. Firstly individual to work that is their perspective on working, management, acquaintances and the organisation and the organisation and their attitude at work which is their stance or standpoint about politics, religion, education, and whether they choose to agree or disagree. Perception is the way an individual mentally sees things and this explains why people have different views because they perceive things differently. This is why communication within the organisation has to clear so that one receives the same core intent of the message. The last factor is the individual personality. Personality is the total pattern of characteristic ways of thinking; feeling and behaving that constitute the individual distinctive method of relating to the environment. Approaches to management and leadership One of the most important functions of an organisation is the management. Without this function or department there will be no rules, procedures, discipline, motivation, culture and so on. The principles of management and leadership will be divided into a number of sections to be analysed in detail. Most of these theories and styles will be related to TESCO and MARKS AND SPENCER for a wider discussion and explanation. Management Styles Managers have to perform many roles in an organisation and how they handle various situations will depend on their style of management. A management style is an overall method of leadership used by a manager. The most common style theories are grouped under the classification: autocratic style , democratic style and laissez faire style. Autocratic style is sometime known as exploitative, authoritative or military style. Autocratic style is the type of management where there is only one person in charge that has total control. Under this style of leadership all policies and decisions are laid down by the leaders. Subordinates have just to put into practice. They are not allowed to give their opinion or suggestion thus the leader is expected to do everything in terms of decision making. A democratic style of management has many advantages as it motivates employees through job satisfaction and team spirit. It makes them feel valued if they are taking part in decision-making, and this will help the organisation to achieve its objectives. There is more contact between managers and its workforce. They will be able to get to know each other and this could lead to them being able to work better together if they socialise. However, there are disadvantages to this type of management style. Consulting the workforce can be time consuming which will slow down decision-making. Laissez-faire style is a style where most of the decision and policies are decided by subordinates. Managers intervene very rarely in emergency cases. Almost everything is left upon subordinates. Every member of the organisation opinion is taken into account when making decision. Different motivational theories Motivation is a process in which people between alternative behaviour in order to achieve personal goal.Motivation is the result of an interaction between the person and a situation; it is not a personal trait. Its the process by which a persons efforts are energized, directed, and sustained towards attaining a goal. Energy: a measure of intensity or drive. Direction: toward organizational goals Persistence: exerting effort to achieve goals. Motivation works best when individual needs are compatible with organizational goals. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION There are many motivation theories that attempt to explain the nature of motivation. Some of the theories may be partially true and help to explain the behaviour of certain people at certain times. The motivational theorists focus on examining human needs considering how the needs are met and can be better met in work. It may be defined as the processes that accounts for an individuals intensity, direction and persistence of effort towards attaining a goal. Organisational behaviour (9th edition) by Stephen P Robbins pg 155 Among various behavioral theories embraced by American business are those of Frederick Herzberg and Abraham Maslow. Herzberg, a psychologist, proposed a theory about job factors that motivate employees. Maslow, a behavioral scientist and contemporary of Herzbergs, developed a theory about the rank and satisfaction of various human needs and how people pursue these needs. These theories are widely cited in the business literature. MASLOWS MOTIVATION Abraham Maslow suggested that human needs operate at a number of different levels. In fact he classified human need under five different levels namely: physiological needs, security needs. Social needs, esteem needs and self realisation/actualisation. This different of need can be presented as follows: Physiological needs: For Maslow this is the first level of needs that individuals have to satisfy because these needs are primary / basic. Physiological needs are those required to sustain life, such as: Air, Water, Food, and Sleep. Safety/Security Needs: Provided that physiological are adequately satisfied that security needs will influence on behaviour. Security needs include protection against physical and physiological harm. Such needs include the need for job security, age, industrial accidents, and illness. Many organisations try to satisfy these needs by providing a desire for steady employment, health insurance, safe neighbourhoods and shelter from the environment. Social needs: This level of needs is concerned with mans need for love, friendship; acceptance, attachments and families help fulfil this need for companionship and acceptance, as does involvement in social, community or religious groups. In organizations people tend to join different groups to satisfy their social needs. By forming groups and encouraging sufficient interaction among employees. Managers can make sure that their subordinates social needs are satisfied. Esteem needs: -. This level represents peoples higher order needs that is man needs for self respect, and recognition by others. The need for success self confidence, recognition and appreciation of achievement are all examples of esteem needs. It is this area in particular that managers can play a significant role in satisfying the needs of their employees, namely by rewarding high achievement with recognition and appreciation. Self actualisation needs: The highest of Maslows hierarchy of needs is the need for self actualisation. This represents the apex of all men needs. Self-actualizing people are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others and interested fulfilling their potential. Maslow describes the self actualisation needs as follows a musician must make music and at least must paint, a poet must write, if he is to be ultimately happy. The self actualisation need is the most difficult to address. In an organisation context, a manager can help by impressing and challenging job to master so that they can in their work. Criticism of Maslows theory Maslow theory is too rigid, that is it is assume all individuals have five level of need and all of them follow the same order. It is not a complete theory of motivation, because it only explains motivation of human needs. 3.7 FREDERICK HERZBERGS MOTIVATION AND HYGIENE FACTORS Frederick Herzberg examined motivation in the light of job content and contest. His dual process theory is a job enrichment theory of motivation. It describes needs in terms of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. It is a two-step process. First provide hygienes and then motivators. One time ranges from no satisfaction to satisfaction. The other time ranges from dissatisfaction to no dissatisfaction. (Buelens M., Broeck H., Vanderheyden K., Kreitner R. Kinicki A., 2006, p: 186). Therefore, Herzbergs theory is also known as two-factor motivation theory. Hygiene factors According to Herzberg hygiene are those which do not lead to motivation but these factors prevent de-motivation. At a more simple level firm managers should make sure that the employees have the necessary hygiene factors so that there wont be any dissatisfaction at work resulting to a decrease in motivation. His study reveals the following as hygiene factors: Company policy and administration Supervision Relation with supervisor Working conditions Salary Personal life Relation with subordinates Status Security Motivators According to Herzberg motivators are those factors which lead to satisfaction and hence can motivate employees at work. When employees are deprived of these factors there will be dissatisfaction leading to reduction to motivation. However if employees are provided with these factors, they will surely be motivated. The main motivators are Achievement Recognition The work itself Responsibility Advancement Growth Criticism of Herzberg theory The conclusion about factors that caused unhappiness and motivators are not totally acceptable. According to critics the difference in sources of satisfaction and dissatisfaction are the result of intrinsic defence mechanism. People are inclined to seek their own achievements and to ascribe their dissatisfaction more to obstacle on the part of management. Relationship between motivational theories and the practice of management Maslow theory does not fully explain motivation his hierarchy of needs is generally accepted and applied in practice mainly for the following reasons: The hierarchy is easy to understand and make sense. The theory highlights important category of needs. The distinction is made between higher and lower needs. The importance of personal growth and self-actualisation in the work context is impressing upon managers. In most countries organisation are extremely successful in satisfying employer lower order needs. Physiological are satisfied by paying salary and providing fringe benefit, social needs are satisfied by allowing employees to interact and associate with one another. Esteem needs is of giving responsibility a title that commands respect, meaningful work, activities, recognition at high achievement.

American History X Essay -- essays research papers

Theory Assignment on American History X This movie tells the story of a young man, from Southern California, that is the product of several unfortunate incidents, and his misguided search trying to answer the question why his life is the way it is. I. Daniel appeared to be dealing with the adolescent stage. Daniel seems to have developed his sense of self worth by mimicking his older brother. Daniels significant relationships, since his brothers incarceration has been derricks old friends (the skin head group). The scene in the principle’s office shows that Daniel is trying to live up to what he believes are his older brother’s ideals, which he believes are following in the foot steps of Nazis. Hate anyone that is not white and protestant. His own self image is one of an up and coming skin head; so he believes his identity is that of a racially intolerant neo-Nazi. Daniel’s search for that identity terminates when Derrick tells him about the experience of his prison time. This scene played out after Derrick confronted Conner at the skin head party and had to flee from his former admirers because he beat up their leader. Daniel followed Derrick and questioned him as to why he was behaving like a â€Å"Nigge r lover.† Daniels since of loyalty was shaken, and the explanation Derrick gave appeared to have turned Daniels beliefs around. Stacey is derrick’s girl friend at the beginning of the film. Stacey’s conscious and sexual identity seems to have been developed somewhat askew to the norms of middle class America, but she shows her comfort in her self during the dinner scene where the school teacher is discussing oppression of minorities with Derrick. Stacy voices an opinion that states blacks and Hispanics are a bane on society. She is a yes man to all of Derricks opinions, and during the same scene she shows her sexuality when she sensuously caresses Derrick after the altercation with Derrick’s family and his mother’s date. This scene showed that Stacey’s role models were other racist, and her beliefs were based on the rhetoric that is espoused at hate monger meetings. Stacey’s young adult stage is shown when she refuses to listen to Derrick during the skin head party scene. She had completely immersed herself in the â€Å"Derrick† persona. The idea of what she pe rceived Derrick would be like when he returned from prison. Stacey told Derrick, during the party scene t... ...s that Daniel took the same psychological ride as Derrick. The other characters remained at on a level psychological playing field. The skin heads may have become more radical, but that appeared to be because of the strength in numbers. The social view of aging in the film seemed to encompass the hatred of the time between two factions in a community in flux.The the presentation of community leaders trying to heal the community, the police captain and principal bob trying to enlist Derrick to help quell the possible uprising in the final scenes, also showed some social aging. 17. The roles of men in the film were depicted at the beginning by Derrick and his father as dominant figures in their household. Principal Bob was another strong male figure. The main female characters differed only in that Stacy seemed to bedcome independent of Derrick at the end of the film. Derricks mother and sister seemed to be typical obedient females. Derricks mom Derricks mom was â€Å"just† a housewife, and when her husband died Derrick filled the head of household role. Derricks oldest sister remained a liberal democrat throughout the movie, but showed no real interest in taking charge of her life.

Bilingual Education Argumentive Essay Essay

The United States is a diverse country of many different races and languages. Even though many languages are spoken in the United States, English is the preferred language in the United States. Speaking English in America is the key to success. Without English, acquiring employment is almost impossible. More and more immigrants are attracted to the U.S every year, and the populations of immigrants, which do not know the American culture, continue to rise. This population must be assimilated into the United States in order for the population to find employment and function in the United States. Assimilation is the process by which an outsider becomes part of a new community by adopting its language and customs. Public schools are a vital place where the country’s customs, language, and culture, in general, can be taught. According to Ginsburg, ever since the 1960’s young immigrants and U.S born children, of immigrant parents, were sent to public schools with little to no understanding of the English language. These students were forced to â€Å"sink or swim.† The public school offered no help to LEP students. LEP (limited English proficiency) is term used to describe students whose level English language is low. As a result, many of these students began to drop out, but finally in 1968, the federal government passed the Bilingual Act which paid special attention to students whose native language was not English. This provided special funding to create and maintain bilingual education programs. The goal bilingual education is to teach English more efficiently to students, with low English proficiency, protect students’ self-esteem, increase their academic performance, and lowering dropout rates. In bilingual education, LEP students are taught subjects such as math, history, and science in their native tongue, while the LEP students take classes to learn English, and once a student shows increasing proficiency in English they are put into main-stream â€Å"English-only† (â€Å"Bilingual Education†). There have been many controversies whether or not the bilingual education programs are achieving their goal. Bilingual education programs should not be allowed as a way to teach English to students with low English proficiency because the programs segregate students based on their native language, are too costly, and are poorly  maintained. Bilingual Education programs segregate students based on their native language. These students are isolated away from other cultures and different perspectives for many years. This assimilates students slowly into mainstream English classes. While bilingual classes segregate students by their primary language, English immersion brings them all together to learn a common language, with the common goal of quickly entering mainstream classes. Speaking English is vital for communication and success in the U.S. The sooner a student understands and communicates in English the sooner they will transition into mainstream English, and the more successful the student will become, which will increase their self-esteem According to Ginsburg many students stay up to six years in these programs and still are low in English proficiency once they complete the program (Ginsburg). Bilingual education programs are too costly to maintain. Students are taking too long to learn English in bilingual education programs. According to â€Å"Bilingual Education,† A scientist named Christine Roswell found that there is little evidence that bilingual education is working, and he determined, from 78% of his studies, that student in bilingual education programs only do as well, or even worse, than LEP students in English immersion type programs or no programs at all. Also Roswell determined that English Immersion programs are a more affordabl e way to teach English. Some teachers are delaying the student’s education in order to receive more money. Most bilingual education programs persist because teachers and school districts receive more federal and state money if they maintain those programs and keep high numbers of students enrolled. Spanish speaking teaches can receive up to $5,000 in bonuses a year (â€Å"Bilingual Education†). In bilingual education, students are taking longer to transition to mainstream â€Å"English-only† classes. Bilingual education programs are poorly maintained. English immersion is a better solution to teaching English than bilingual education. Many LEP students often feel stressed out and frustrated in mainstream classes, which causes them to dropout. According to Clouthier, dropout rates among Hispanics, who speak Spanish, have not improved in the past 25 years that bilingual education programs started. Clearly bilingual education has not help students with frustration and stress or decreased dropout rates. Students learn English with less proficiency and more slowly in bilingual ed ucation  programs. Proponents claim that proficiently teaching a students’ native language first and then teaching English as a second language helps students in the long run, but according to Clouthier, The National Academy of Sciences reviewed 30 years of bilingual research and found no negative effects from teaching reading and writing in English, without first teaching proficiency in a students’ primary language. In bilingual education students take five to seven years to assimilate students; because the program believes that teaching the students, whose native language is not English, their culture values, languages, and customs, when the students’ parents should teach them their heritage (Clouthier). On the other hand, supporters of bilingual education believe that effective bilingual education helps students, for whom English is not their native language, to assimilate into main stream America. Supports say that the controversy is actually rooted in the misunderstanding and misapplication of how language is learned and taught. According to Stokely, students must first learn proficiently their first native language and then learn English as their second language. Supporters say that bilingual education programs enable non-English speaking students to learn English without losing learning time in other academic subjects. Supporters say that the reason some bilingual education programs are ineffective is because they are poorly maintained by the federal government and finding a bilingual teacher is very rare (Stokely). To conclude, bilingual education should not be allowed as a way to teach English students, which have a low proficiency in English, because bilingual education programs segregate students, are too costly, and are poorly maintained. Bilingual education segregates students from other peers based on their native language which cause slower assimilation. Since students are learning English at a slower pace which more funding is needed for these programs to run, and some teachers intentionally keep students longer these programs for the money, which makes these programs too costly. Most bilingual education programs are poorly maintained because these programs have not decreased the student dropout rate. English immersion is a better solution to bilingual education because it’s more affordable and joins students to learn one language. Works Cited â€Å"Bilingual Education.† Issues & Controversies On File: n. pag. Issues & Controversies. Facts On File News Services, 15 Feb. 2005. Web. 16 Oct. 2013. . Clouthier, Kris. â€Å"Point: English Immersion: Creating Equal Opportunity For Immigrant Students.† Points Of View: Bilingual Education (2013): 5. Points of View Reference Center. Web. 16 Oct. 2013. Ginsburg, Jill. â€Å"Bilingual Education: An Overview.† Points Of View: Bilingual Education (2013): 1. Points of View Reference Center. Web. 16 Oct. 2013. Stokely, Anne. â€Å"Counterpoint: The Benefits Of Bilingual Education.† Points Of View: Bilingual Education (2013): 6. Points of View Reference Center. Web. 16 Oct. 2013.